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CCPA, Guide Vol. 1 (2nd ed.) 1993	Appendix XIV

APPENDIX XIV

METHODS FOR EUTHANASIA BY SPECIES
(Methods in order of Acceptability)

Species	Most Acceptable	Acceptable
AMPHIBIANS	Barbiturates Inhalant anesthetics Tricaine methanesulfonate MS-222 Benzocaine	Double pithing Decapitation and pithing Stunning and pithing CO₂ + O₂ mixture
AVIAN SPECIES (birds)	Barbiturates Inhalant anesthetics	Electrocution stunning followed by exsanguination CO₂ + O₂ mixture Physical stunning followed by exsanguination or decapitation
BOVINE SPECIES (calves, cows, goats, sheep and other ruminants)	Barbiturates Penetrating captive bolt followed by exsanguination	Shooting followed by exsanguination
CATS	Inhalant anesthetics Barbiturates	CO₂ + O₂ mixture
DOGS	Inhalant anesthetics Barbiturates	CO₂ + O₂ mixture
EQUINES (horses)	Barbiturates	Shooting Penetrating captive bolt
FISH	Tricaine methanesulfonate MS-222 Benzocaine	Stunning followed by cervical dislocation or decapitation
FUR BEARING ANIMALS (mink, fox, others raised for fur)	Barbiturates Electrical stunning using special equipment followed by cervical dislocation Inhalant anesthetics in specially designed chamber	CO CO₂ + O₂
INVERTEBRATES (cephalopods, crustacea)	Tricaine methanesulfonate MS-222 Benzocaine	CO₂ bubbling through water
MARINE MAMMALS (seals, porpoises, cetacea)	Barbiturates Etorphine hydrochloride	Stunning followed by exsanguination
NON-HUMAN PRIMATES	Barbiturates Inhalant anesthetics	Tranquillization and CO₂ + O₂ mixture
RABBITS	Barbiturates Inhalant anesthetics	CO₂ + O₂ mixture
REPTILES	Inhalant anesthetics in special chamber Barbiturates	CO₂ + O₂ mixture
RODENTS (and similar small species)	Inhalant anesthetics in special ' chambers Barbiturates Microwave irradiation in specially designed units	CO₂ + O₂ mixture CO
SWINE	Barbiturates Inhalant anesthetics	Electrocution using special equipment
WILD AMIMALS (200 species, etc.)	Shooting by expert marksman Immobilization followed by barbiturates	Sedation followed by penetrating captive bolt

Barbiturates includes an overdose of all pharmacological agents which depress the Central Nervous System (CNS) producing irreversible unconsciousness and death (see also Euthanasia and CCAC policy statements).

Competence and knowledge of agents and procedures are mandatory requirements for personnel conducting euthanasia.

Any other means (not listed here) of killing an experimental animal, must not be undertaken without prior review and approval by an Animal Care Committee (ACC), and should only be done in expert hands.

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