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  1. REFERENCES


  2. ACRED, P., HENNESSEY, T.D., MACARTHUR-CLARK, J.A., et al. (1994). Guidelines for the welfare of animals in rodent protection tests - A Report of the Rodent Protection Test Working Party. Laboratory Animals, 28(1):13-18.


    BARCLAY, R.J., HERBERT, W.J. & POOLE, T.B., eds. (1988). The disturbance index: a behavioural method of assessing the severity of common laboratory procedures on rodents. UFAW Animal Welfare Research Report No. 2. Herts UK: University. 35 pp.


    BAUMANS, V., BRAIN, P.F., BRUGERE, H., et al. (1994). Pain and distress in laboratory rodents and lagomorphs. Report of the FELASA Working Group on Pain and Distress. Laboratory Animals, 28:97-112.


    BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOCIATION (1985). Proceedings of a symposium: The Detection and Relief of Pain in Animals. 101 pp. London UK: BVA Animal Welfare Foundation.


    BROWDER, E.J. (1995). Death as an Endpoint. In: Proceedings - Current Issues and New Frontiers in Animal Research. SCAW Conference (eds. K. Bayne, M. Greene & E. Prentice). San Antonio US: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare.


    BUTLER, S.H., WEIL-FUGAZZA, J., GODEFROY, F., et al. (1985). Reduction of arthritis and pain behaviour following chronic administration of amitriptyline or imipramine in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Pain 23:159-175.


    CANADIAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE (1990). Statement on Adequate Veterinary Care.


    CANADIAN COUNCIL ON ANIMAL CARE (1989). Policy Statement: Ethics of Animal Investigation. Ottawa ON: CCAC.

    CANADIAN COUNCIL ON ANIMAL CARE (1991). Policy Statement: Acceptable Immunological Procedures. Ottawa ON: CCAC.

    CANADIAN COUNCIL ON ANIMAL CARE (1993). Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, Vol. 1, 2nd Edn. 212 pp. Ottawa ON: CCAC.

    DE CASTRO COSTA, M., DE SUTTER, P., GYBELS, J., et al. (1981). Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: a possible model of chronic pain. Pain 10:173-185.

    EVERITT, J. & GRIFFIN, W. (1995). Proposed IACUC Guidelines for the Review of Rodent Toxicology Studies. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 34(3):72-74.

    FLECKNELL, P.A. (1994). Refinement of animal use - assessment and alleviation of pain and distress. Laboratory Animals 28(3):222-231.

    FRANKLIN, K.B.J. & ABBOTT, F.V. (1989). Techniques for assessing the effects of drugs on nociceptive responses. In: Neuromethods 13 - Psychopharmacology (eds. A.A. Boulton, G.B. Baker & A.J. Greenshaw). pp. 145-216. Clifton NJ. US: Humana Press.

    GILLETTE, R.W. (1987). Alternatives to pristane priming for ascitic fluid and monoclonal antibody production. Journal of Immunological Methods 99:21-23.

    HAMM, T.E. (1995). Proposed institutional animal care and use committee guidelines for death as an endpoint in rodent studies. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 34(3):69-71.

    INTERAGENCY RESEARCH ANIMAL COMMITTEE (1993). IRAC Recommendation on LD50 Testing. ILAR News 35(3-4):56-58.

    IRVINE, D.G., REID, K.W., HANCOCK, D.S., et al. (1992). Quality assessment of external data: a further means of reducing animal use for toxicity testing - a case study. Quality Assurance: Good Practice, Regulation and Law 1(3):207-212.

    KEEFE, F.J., FILLINGIM, R.B. & WILLIAMS, D.A. (1991). Behavioral assessment of pain: Nonverbal measures in animals and humans. ILAR News 33(1-2):3-13.

    MARX, U., EMBLETON, M.J., FISCHER, R., et al. (1997). Monoclonal Antibody Production - The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 23. ATLA 25(2):121-137.

    MCGUILL, M.W. & ROWAN, A.N. (1989). Refinement of monoclonal antibody production and animal well-being. ILAR News 31(1):7-11.

    MONTGOMERY, C.A. Jr. (1987). Control of animal pain and distress in cancer and toxicological research. JAVMA 191(10):1277-1281.

    MONTGOMERY, C.A. Jr. (1990). Oncological and toxicological research: Alleviation and control of pain and distress in laboratory animals. Cancer Bulletin 42(4):230-237.

    MORTON, D.B. (1990). Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures. ATLA 18:29-39.

    MORTON, D.B. (1997). Ethical and refinement aspects of animal experimentation. Socio-economic and ethical aspects. In: Veterinary Vaccinology (eds. P.-P. Pastoret, J. Blancou, P. Vannier & C. Verschueren). pp. 763-785. New York: Elsevier Science.

    MORTON, D.B. & GRIFFITHS, P.H.M. (1985). Guidelines on the recognition of pain and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Veterinary Record 116:431-436.

    MORTON, D.B. & TOWNSEND, P. (1995). Dealing with Adverse Effects and Suffering During Animal Research. In: Laboratory Animals - An Introduction for Experimenters, 2nd Edn., (ed. A.A. Tuffery). pp. 215-231. UK: Wiley & Sons Ltd.

    MUELLER, V.W., HAWES, C.S. & JONES, W.R. (1986). Monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma growth in Freund's Adjuvant primed mice. Journal of Immunological Methods 87:193-196.

    NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1992). Recognition and assessment of pain, stress and distress. In: Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals. Chapter 4, pp. 32-53. ILAR, NRC. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

    OLFERT, E.D. (1995). Defining an acceptable endpoint in invasive experiments. Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter 6(1):3-7.

    ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (1987). Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4: Health Effects. Paris, France: OECD.

    REDGATE, E.S., DEUTSCH, M. & BOGGS, S.S. (1991). Time of death of CNS tumor-bearing rats can be reliably predicted by body weight-loss patterns. Laboratory Animal Science 41(3):269-273.

    RUSSELL, W.M.S. & BURCH, R.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. London: Methuen. 238 pp. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), Potters Bar, Herts, UK: England. Special edition (1992).

    SANFORD, J., EWBANK, R., MOLONY, V., et al. (1986). Guidelines for the recognition and assessment of pain in animals. Veterinary Record 118(12):334-338.

    SHALEV, M. (1998). European and US regulation of monoclonal antibodies. Lab Animal 27(2):15-17.


    SIEMS, J.J. & ALLEN, S.D. (1989). Early euthanasia as an alternative to death in chronic infectious disease studies using a systemic Candida albicans model. Abstr. 89th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.

    SMITH, C.P., JENSEN, D., ALLEN, T., et al. (1997). Information resources for adjuvants and antibody production: comparisons and alternative technologies - 1990-1997. AWIC Resources Series #3. Animal Welfare Resources Center, USDA.

    SOMA, L.R. (1987). Assessment of animal pain in experimental animals. Laboratory Animal Science 37:71-74.

    SOOTHILL, J.S., MORTON, D.B. & AHMAD, A. (1992). The HID50 (Hypothermia Inducing Dose 50): an alternative to the LD50 for the measurement of bacterial virulence. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 75:95-98.

    TOMASOVIC, S.P., COGHLAN, L.G., GRAY, K.N., et al. (1988). IACUC evaluation of experiments requiring death as an endpoint: a cancer center's recommendations. Laboratory Animals 17:31-34.

    TOTH, L.A. (1997). The moribund state as an experimental endpoint. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 36(3):44-48.

    TOWNSEND, P. & MORTON, D.B. (1994). Practical assessment of adverse effects and its use in determining humane endpoints. In: Proceedings of the Fifth FELASA Symposium: Welfare and Science, June 1993 (ed. J. Bunyan). pp. 19-23. Brighton, UK: FELASA.

    WALLACE, J., SANFORD, J., SMITH, M.W., et al. (1990). The assessment and control of the severity of scientific procedures on laboratory animals. Laboratory Animals 24(2):97-130.

    WOLFENSOHN, S. & LLOYD, M. (1994). Recognition of pain and stress in laboratory animals. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare. Chapter 11. pp. 174-180. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    WONG, J.P., SARAVOLAC, E.G., CLEMENT, J.G., et al. (1997). Development of a murine hypothermia model for study of respiratory tract influenza virus infection. Laboratory Animal Science 47(2):143-147.

    WORKMAN, P., TWENTYMAN, P., BALKWILL, F., et al. (1998). United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research (UKCCCR) Guidelines for the welfare of animals in experimental neoplasia (Second Edition, July 1997). British Journal of Cancer 77:1-10.

    ZIMMERMANN, M. (1983). Ethical Guidelines for Investigations of Experimental Pain in Conscious Animals. Pain 16:109-110.

[ Appendix C ] [ Table of Contents ] [ Appendix B ]


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